我们可以用一个神奇的通配符“**”(两个星号)在ls命令方便的遍历所有的目录和文件,本文我们来告诉你如何设置Bash的globstar选项后,使用这个神奇的通配符.
在使用一些命令时(如:ls、git),刚好遇到一些需求是想很方便地遍历所有的目录和文件,后来经过搜索,终于找到了一个“神奇”的通配符 “**”(两个星号),在设置了Bash的globstar选项后,**就可以匹配任当前何目录(包括子目录)以及其中的文件,所以,了解了一下 globstar这个选项,当未设置globstar时,**通配符的作用和*是相同的,而设置了globstar后,**的匹配范围不同了(更广一些),注意:globstar是Bash 4.0才引入的选项,之前的老版本是不支持的,使用“bash –version”可产看当前使用的Bash的版本.
关于glob这个词,我也觉得好奇,中文不好解释,大致就是“对通配符展开”的意思,如下的英文吧:
In shell-speak, globbing is what the shell does when you use a wildcard in a command (e.g. * or ?). Globbing is matching the wildcard pattern and returning the file and directory names that match and then replacing the wildcard pattern in the command with the matched items.
在bash的man page中,对globstar的说明提到只两次,说的都是同一件事情,代码如下:
Pathname Expansion
......
* Matches any string, including the null string. When the globstar shell option is enabled, and * is
used in a pathname expansion context, two adjacent *s used as a single pattern will match all files
and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If followed by a /, two adjacent *s will match only
directories and subdirectories.
......
globstar
If set, the pattern ** used in a pathname expansion context will match a files and zero or more directories
and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /, only directories and subdirectories match.
写了个测试和学习globstar的shell脚本如下:
#!/bin/bash
<pre lang="Bash">
function show()
{
for i in **
do
echo $i
done
} --phpfensi.com
cd /root/jay/
echo "------------------------"
echo "disable globstar option:"
# globstar is disabled by default
shopt -u globstar
show
echo "------------------------"
echo "enable globstar option:"
shopt -s globstar
show
执行上面测试globstar的shell脚本,看它的输出结果,就很容易理解globstar了,如下:
[root@smilejay jay]# ./test_globstar.sh
------------------------
disable globstar option:
dir1
dir2
file1
file2
index.html
test_shopt.sh
------------------------
enable globstar option:
dir1
dir1/file3
dir2
dir2/file4
file1
file2
index.html
test_shopt.sh。
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